Confusion / For Get Fulness

The Problem
A friend or family member suddenly, or over a long period of time, is having trouble remembering things; he may not know where he is, what day it is, or who he is .

Causes of Confusion and Forgetfulness
Injury. A blow to the head can cause confusion. This may resolve, but the person should be observed. If confusion or disorientation continues for some time after the injury, there may be bleeding inside the skull, which is serious and requires medical attention.

Transient ischemic attack. The person is confused and forgetful and is also experiencing numbness, tingling, loss of movement in the arms or legs, blurred vision, and difficulty speaking. There may have been a brief interruption in the brain’s blood supply, which could be a sign of arterial disease.

Dementia. The person is probably over 65, and his confusion and forgetfulness are accompanied by loss of concern about cleanliness and appearance, the inability to remember what just happened, and changes in personality (such as agitation and irritability). He may be depressed and / or undernourished, or he may have dementia. Although rare, dementia may occur in younger people.

Self-Care Measures

• If confusion and/ or forgetfulness occur there are no effective self-care measures. Look at the symptom chart to help you decide whether to seek emergency help or call your nurse information service or doctor.
• If fever is the cause, see page 95.
• If the person has missed a meal and is diabetic, dried fruit or orange juice may help. Ask the doctor to suggest other snack ideas.

Prevention

• Use of over-the-counter medications should be avoided.
• Take steps to get help for drug or alcohol abusers.